Government Surveillance Has Been The Government Leaks...

In recent history, one extremely controversial case of whistleblowing has been the government leaks caused by Edward Snowden, in which he exposed secret documents from the National Security Agency (NSA), for the entire world to see. The information he released revealed that the communication records of millions of Americans have been kept, whether or not these people had been involved with any suspicious activity (Greenwald). Snowden felt he was justified in releasing the documents, under his belief that collecting private information about innocent citizens is malpractice and that it violates the ideals of democracy (Snowden). This particular example of whistleblowing has been largely disputed among all types of people, from leaders of countries, to CEOs and workers at technology companies, to everyday Americans wondering just how much information the government has filed on them. This enormous controversy can be best understood by recognizing the two principle factors that have lead to dispute. First off, the topic of government surveillance has continued to be a controversy in it’s own regard, especially in the United States since the attacks of 9/11. Although citizens have remained uninformed of the true scope of domestic spying, some government employees have questioned just how far the NSA is truly reaching into the private lives of American citizens. For example, prior to Snowden’s leaks, U.S senators Ron Wyden and Mark Udall had been stating vague warningsShow MoreRelatedGovernment Espionage Has A Natural Part Of The Competition Between Countries1438 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment espionage has been a natural part of the competition between countries. America like every other country had its own intelligence system, but it was not unit Edward Snowden’s leak of America’s surveillance program that the world saw the elaborate and extensive program running worldwide. Edward Snowden’s leak of NSA Surveillance Programs not only destro yed years of Government planning and espionage, but also tarnished the reputation of the American government, damaged relationships withRead MoreEdward Snowden and The Government Data Collection Program1439 Words   |  6 PagesLon Snowden, as well as others have compared Edward Snowden to â€Å"Paul Revere† and have called him a â€Å"Hero† while others vilify him (Gidda 3). Technically what he has done is a crime, yet many people rally to his defence. â€Å"There is every reason to believe the federal government has been collecting every bit of information about every American’s phone calls†(Hertzberg 2). Through Edward Snowden’s actions we have learned of the governments data collecting program: Prism. This has provoked the publicRead MoreNsa s Surveillance On U.s. Spy Programme1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe NSA is an agency that started surveillance on U.S. citizens and people around the world after 9/11 occurred to ensure the nation’s security. The goal of the NSA is to ultimately protect citizens of the U.S. and to keep a massive terrorist event from occurring in the country again. The NSA collected numerous amounts of data on people to find any type of threat that could lead to the distress of the country, but citizens were not aware of this surveillance. The NSA’s secret was eventually exposedRead MoreOpposition to Leakers - Government Whistleblowers Expose Classified Information741 Words   |  3 PagesAre government whistleblowers acting in the public interest, or do they endanger the public by exposing classified information? Just as government transparency has waned in recent years, there have been several instances of very public national intelligence whistle-blowing. Large scale leaks such as those published by The Guardian and WikiLeaks have prompted debate on issues of government secrecy, as well as the balance between security and liberty. High profile whistleblowers like Bradley ManningRea d MoreEdward Snowden: Criminal or Whistleblower?698 Words   |  3 PagesEdward Snowden was an employee of a contracting company that works for the NSA when he came across information that would surely change the way Americans, and the world, view the U.S. Government. During his time working for the NSA Snowden discovered the extent of the NSA’s surveillance on the American people and foreign leaders, and became concerned that the American government was going too far in its attempt thwart any terrorist attempts by unjustly invading the privacy of the American peopleRead MoreSetting The Stage For The Events That Took Place1487 Words   |  6 Pagescarried on many years after has tacked on many biases and facts due to the worldwide coverage and unraveling topics that are still surfacing almost four (4) years later. In order to fully piece together the events that took place and offer an analytical discussion based on legal and ethical dilemmas, one must approach the topic w ithout bias and offer all aspects of the topic. Known as the â€Å"biggest leak of government secrets in history† (Breslow, 2014, para. 2), Edward Snowden, a former National SecurityRead MoreMonitoring And Collection Of Phone Data1521 Words   |  7 PagesAll around the world, terrorism has become a serious issue and has struck fear into the hearts of many. In the United States, a debate has arisen about the monitoring and collection of phone data. It is a matter of privacy versus security; in order for the country to be more secure against terrorism, the public must give up some privacy in the form of phone data. Phone data should only be collected when it comes to serious threats to national security using a warrant provided by the judicial systemRead MoreEdward Snowden: Hero or Traitor?1053 Words   |  5 Pageslooked to the government for protection and reassurance. However, they did not expect to find out thirteen years later that the government did this by using tech nology to spy on Americans, as well as other countries. George W. Bush began the policy shortly after the terrorist attack and Barack Obama continued it. There have been many confrontations over the years about the extent of the N.S.A.’s spying; however, the most recent whistle-blower, Edward Snowden, leaked information that caused much upsetRead MoreEdward Snowden: An American Hero691 Words   |  3 PagesEdward Snowden, the former National Security Agency (N.S.A) subcontractor turned whistle-blower is nothing short of a hero. His controversial decision to release information detailing the highly illegal ‘data mining’ practices of the N.S.A have caused shockwaves throughout the world and have raised important questions concerning how much the government actually monitors its people without their consent or knowledge. Comparable to Mark Felt in the Watergate scandals, Daniel Ellsberg with the PentagonRead MoreEdward Snowden Kantian Ethics1885 Words   |  5 Pa gesï » ¿ Edward Snowden, Kantian Ethics Edward Snowden the Ethical Issue In early 2013 a man by the name of Edward Joseph Snowden began leaking classified National Security Agency (NSA) documents to media outlets, which in turn ended up in public ears. These documents, mainly involving intelligence Snowden acquired while working as an NSA contractor, are mostly related to global surveillance programs run by the NSA. This has raised multiple ethical issues ranging from national security, information privacy

Communication Competence Scale Assessment On Myself And...

I completed the Communication Competence Scale assessment on myself and calculated my total score to be 98, a low score. I also had a family member complete the same assessment based on his perceptions of my communication competence and that score totaled 132, a high score. The significant disparity of the scores indicates that we definitely have different perceptions about my communication competence. I think this is a very interesting assignment to begin our learning on interpersonal communications, as indicated by our text, â€Å"Whatever the association, personal relationships clearly play an important role in our lives and communications helps us form and maintain them† (Floyd, 2011, p. 6). I look forward to applying this assessment toward improving my interpersonal communication which has certain relational implications. Based on the scale, I do not perceive myself to be a very competent communicator. In fact, I only rated myself highly in a few of the questions that were a part of the calculations in step 2, the questions that would yield a â€Å"positive† result relating to communicating. However, I do believe that I am a competent communicator in a few areas such as business and social gatherings and also when meeting new people. I am one of those people that communicates by maintaining eye contact and with facial expressions such as smiling and nodding my head in agreement to indicated understanding. I think this nonverbal feedback provides the speaker withShow MoreRelatedConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 Pages  perception  (Berstene,  2004),   personality  (Ambe,   2004)   and   past   rivalry   (Fazzi,   2001).       The   determinants   of   the   relationship   between   IV emotional   intelligence   and   conflict   management   strategy   have   been   identified   as   (1)   communication  and  interpersonal  relationships  (Esin,  1986),  (2)  concern  for  self  (Frak,  2005),    (3)   concern   for   others   (Gourley,   2005)   and   (4)   transformation   and   reinterpretation   of   the   conflict  situation  (Kane,  2004).       Grounded   Theory  Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreGovernment Of Health Systems : Liberia And Sierra Leone8463 Words   |  34 Pagesinformation in general (86%) and for safe burial information in particular (79%). Other trusted sources for Ebola information were the media, health providers, relatives and friends, and religious leaders. However, trusting disease-specific communication in a crisis situation does not necessarily translate to an abiding trust in the healthcare system. The task facing the Liberian MOHSW, and its partners, is to increase utilization of health services against a background of weakened trust. Liberia’sRead MoreStuden Brand Comparison Betwen Apple and Samsung14106 Words   |  57 Pagestogether in order to give apparent picture of the conceptual framework. Chapter 4: Empirical Material and Analysis In this chapter, the empirical data collected from the students through the questionnaire is presented showing the students’ preference score for Apple and Samsung brand. The empirical material gather were analysis with concept and theories in brand to arrive at conclusion. Chapter 5: Conclusion This chapter presents the conclusion of this research study drawn from the analysis of the empiricalRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction on Maruti Suzuki7751 Words   |  32 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION : A STUDY ON MARUTI-SUZUKI Name : PROSEN SAHA 11/MBA/34 AKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to thank my project guide Mr.Subhadip Sarkar for giving me the opportunity to work on this project. His valuable suggestions, guidance and supervision had helped us to a great extent in accomplishing this project. This project has no doubt has given us the knowledge and the experience. I also take this opportunity to thank all the Respondents for theirRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPersonality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and PracticesRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesare the TOP10 causes of Project failure that Mathew can think of (they are not in any kind of order): #1. Lacking Sponsor s Involvement/Ownership #2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job) #3. Poor HR Management #4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications #5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders #6. Absence of Risk Management #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep: Frequent and uncontrolled changes in the scope or requirements of a project) #8. Lack of Monitoring of Plan #9. AbsenceRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o MRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages9 The formulation of strategy – 1: analysing the product portfolio 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10 Learning objectives Introduction The development of strategic perspectives Models of portfolio analysis Market attractiveness and business position assessment Criticisms of portfolio analysis Summary The formulation of strategy – 2: generic strategies and the significance of competitive advantage 10.1 Learning objectives 10.2 Introduction 385 387 387 viii CONTENTS 10.3 Types of strategy 10Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesConflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Defining the Project 4.1 Project charter 5.1 Gather requirements 5.2 Defining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress

The secret of great teachers Free Essays

Long ago, famous teachers did not go to monthly seminars before they can teach. They did not prepare lesson plans every night or prepare visual aids and powerpoint presentations and sophisticated audiovisual materials to accompany their talk. Yet they were regarded as great and influential teachers of our time. We will write a custom essay sample on The secret of great teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why, you want to ask. Were they simply lucky to be good at public speaking? I’m talking about how Confucius teach, just one of the many teachers who made their names in our history not just for their teachings but for the way they reach to their audiences. All of these teachers used instructional method so that their followers can better understand and thus follow their teachings. Confucius, in particular, used presentation (or lecture) and demonstration when he teaches. Even today, these modes of instructions are still used. Confucius believes that for his disciples and followers to understand and adopt his teachings, he must live them and be an example. Demonstration is teaching by example, and this was what Confucius did. He also gave lectures, as this was the commonly used instructional method even before. Lectures serve well in sharing information to the audience, relaying history, theories and backgrounds and experiences. A lecture reaches a large number of people at one time. Although lectures are usually a one-way mode of communication, Confucius allows his followers to ask him questions. Through this answer-and-question portion, which Jesus also used when teaching, the followers can gain more insight and feedback from the teacher. Moreover, Confucius believes that through discussion he can reach to every individual he teaches. Aside from this, he knows that each person calls for different instructional approach to learn. Due to this, he used the educational approach in leading his followers towards the good life. Confucius, Jesus and Socrates, just to name a few, saw the importance of these methods for many reasons. Socrates believed in involving his students in a dialogue to argue a point. Jesus engaged his followers in question-and-answer sessions to give and share information. They used demonstration and presentation because they are very effective, evidenced by the many people who accepted their beliefs. These people further grasped their teachings by establishing churches and religions and keeping beliefs to honor their teachers. Just the number of their followers is enough evidence to show that they have maximized the potential of the instructional method they used. As for me, I think demonstration and presentation are very effective, whether in a classroom or domestic setting. Parents lecture their children about many things so that they learn, and they live as examples to their children by living what they preach. Even at school, these methods prove useful because students learn by what they see from their teachers. A survey of the most effective methods for instruction to address academic differences was conducted among teachers. The majority thinks that small group/cooperative learning is the most effective method. Modeling (demonstration) is ranked second, and question and answer, group discussion, individual instruction and lecture are ranked third. The teachers cited reasons why they think the methods are effective. First, learners have the chance to help and learn from each other throughout. This method refers to group discussions, experiments or projects. Then, teachers provide support and provide learning in different and multiple ways. They have the opportunity to share important ideas, give feedback and remediation, and help students to be on track by reinforcing structure and organization. REFERENCE Treat, Alena R., Ying Wang, Rajat Chadha and Michael Hart Dixon. (2006). Major Development in Instructional Technology: Prior to the 20th Century. How to cite The secret of great teachers, Essay examples

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Unitary, Confederation and the Federal System of the Government Essay Example For Students

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Unitary, Confederation and the Federal System of the Government Essay Advantages and Disadvantages of the Unitary, Confederation and the Federal system of the Government We can look at governmental systems as a continuum from a unitary type to a confederacy with federalism sitting in the middle. The unitary government is often described as a centralized government. It is a government in which all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency. The central government creates local units of government for its own convenience. Most of the government in the world are unitary, Great Britain being one of them. One single central organ is Parliament it holds all the power of the British government. Local governments do exist but solely to relieve Parliament of burdens it could perform only with difficulty and inconvenience. There are some advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are uniform policies, law, political, enforcement, administration throughout country. There is less duplication of services and fewer conflicts between national and local government also greater unity and stability. The disadvantage is that the central government is out of touch with local concerns which it makes it slow in meeting local problems. If the central government gets too involved in local problems it may not meet the needs of all its citizens. Then there is confederate government is an alliance of independent states. A central organ; The confederate government has the power to handle only those matters that the member states have assigned to it. Typically, confederate governments have had limited powers and only in such fields as defense and foreign commerce. In our own history, the United States under the Articles of Confederation and the Confederate States of America are examples of the form. Confederations are very rare in today’s world. The European Union is the closest approach to a confederation today. Like unitary there are advantages and disadvantages to confederate government. The advantages are keeping power at local levels preventing the growth of a large central government and Makes it possible for the several states to cooperate in matters of common concern and also retain their separate identities. The disadvantages are weakness of central government it makes it unable to enforce laws or collect taxes, also lack of unity and common laws. Lastly we move to federal government this is one in which the powers of government is divided between a central government and several local governments. There is a authority superior to both the central and local governments which makes this division of powers on a geographic basis; That division cannot be changed by either the local or national level acting alone. Both levels of government act directly on the people through their own sets of laws, the officials, and agencies. In the United States, for example the National Government has certain powers and the 50 states have others. This division of powers is set out in the Constitution of the United States. However federal government also has the advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the Federal unity is that local government handles local problems also the local government and officials have to be very responsive of the people who elect them. The central government can devote more time and energy to national and international problems. They also have more opportunities for participation in making decisions that influence what is taught in the schools, also deciding where highways and government projects are to be built. The disadvantages are the duplication of services; Also the citizens living in different parts of the country will be treated differently, not only in spending programs, such as welfare, but in legal systems that are assigned in different places different penalties to similar offenses or that differentially enforce civil rights laws; Disputes over power national supremacy versus state’s rights, international relation states may pass laws that counter national policy. .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .postImageUrl , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:hover , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:visited , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:active { border:0!important; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:active , .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42 .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c8e21f2aed59cc974ab8f37cff49c42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bloomingdales international customer service EssayWell I feel a little more at ease knowing that I live where there is federal government and not a unitary government or confederate government In France, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, they have a unitary system. This means that the central government always has the final say. In Switzerland, they have a confederation, where the states are completely independent. Switzerlands central government only becomes involved with common concerns. . I guess it all comes down to authority, freedom and equality and we have it all with the federal government.

Patrick Henry free essay sample

The Urgency for True Liberty Liberty is acquired through will and perseverance, however, it can also be taken away, and forces people to fight to keep it as well. That was what Patrick Henry states in his speech, â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death†, to the Virginia Convention. He argues that the leaders of America are not taking control and responsibility for what is really going on, and demands that something must be done to finally conquer the beloved goal of independence from Britain. This speech raises many ideas of what liberty really is, and how some people view the term liberty different from one another. Arguments can be made on the question of what is liberty, and if true liberty can even be reached in society. Nonetheless, Henry makes valid arguments, which I support, however, there are some other counter-arguments that I will debunk. Patrick Henrys main argument, which I agree with, is to exclaim that the Convention is puttering around the idea of reconciliation with Britain, while it is clear that there mostly would not be any progress in its regards. We will write a custom essay sample on Patrick Henry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The stalling and unpreparedness of the American government was evident, and why sit around and wait for nothing but hope that Britain will let loose its chains of control over America? Henry realizes that Britain is the enemy and is, in a sense toying, with America, giving hope for a resolution that will not happen. Henry urges the leaders of America to stop being content on hope, yet raise an army to fight for liberty and independence from the monarchy, because it has yet to happen. This situation was similar to three events I will now discuss. The first event involves the African Americans hopes for abolition from slavery, and in turn, gain equal liberties that white Americans possessed. Yes, slavery had been abolished, but did the African Americans have equal liberties as the whites did? They did not. They could not vote, nor have good paying jobs, and were socially segregated from the whites. It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s when they received full access to all deserving liberties of the American Constitution. Martin Luther King Jr. along with hundreds of thousands of African Americans protested for equal rights and liberties that white Americans possessed. They fought for their rights and freedoms and acquired them. They did not sit back and wait for change to happen, which would have been just dandy with the majority of the United States Congress, and much of America in general. Much of America was content with how blacks were treated unjustly, and would have been that way for years to come. Thi s proves that fighting for your liberty is the only way to obtain it. Another event I would like to discuss is the action taken by the French commoners during the French Revolution. They were disgusted with the absolutism philosophy of Louis XVI controlling every aspect of the French nation. They could not sit back, while starving from lack of food, and weak from lack of power, much longer. They banded together, came as one and took control of their liberties by overthrowing the French Monarchy and took control of their country. This again proves that fighting for liberty is the only way to acquire it. The final event is the Womens Rights Movement. The American government was content on keeping women powerless, without political involvement, no career opportunities, and no authority. They had no say in their own democracy, yet expected to be a loyal citizen to a nation that did not think much about them in the first place. They fought for their rights and liberties, and eventually got them. Liberty has many definitions. It can mean, autonomous, the freedom from servitude and confinement of oppression, or immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority. Each definition of liberty covers any of the events I have mentioned. My point, along with Henrys argument is that in a vast majority of cases, change cannot be made by hope alone, but rather by actions. Hope is good, it inspires actions for change, but wars are not won and liberties are not gained by just hope alone. Next, I will talk about what Henry is not arguing. Although it might seem that Patrick Henry is tearing down the government, he is not. He is not questioning the governments abilities or the intelligence of the people who run the country. He states, â€Å"No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. † He also does not argue the governments overall goal of American independence, by stating previously â€Å"the patriotism† in the previous excerpt of his speech I presented. He knows the government wants independence from Britain, and does not possess a hidden agenda, that contradicts its principles. He just disagrees with how the government is handling the matter by stating, â€Å"But different men often see the same subject in different lights . Henry is also not arguing the attempts to reconcile with Britain, but in which the time it has taken and no progress being made. He asks, â€Å"Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love? †, with the reason to make clear that America has asked and wanted reconciliation with Britain, but for some reason Britain must use threatening armies to scare America into submission. He believes in America, and knows that once the country sticks up for itself, that they can win the battle of oppression, and claim its overall goal of independence. I believe Henrys war cries are evident, and shows that he believes that his country can, indeed, defeat the controlling bully Britain. You may have objections to Henrys or my arguments. You might ask, why not just wait for reconciliation, how does Henry know it will not happen? His response is, â€Å"I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. † The facts have been spilled out for what he says, ten years. For ten years prior to his speech what exactly has gone on to make the government so content and pleased. Nothing has been, the government has not told of anything new in regards to discussions with Britain. Basically, for ten years no progress has been made, so what makes anyone in their right mind think that something will happen soon. It would be as if you are asking your superior for an increase in pay after working for a long time. Each time you ask politely, and he or she brushes you off, showing lack of respect and appreciation, you just deal with it. You bosss intentions have yet to change, when exactly, do you think they will? It is as if you are a measly pawn in their game of chess, yet they can advance, but you are in a stalemate at all times. Perhaps you may be one to take this cruel and undeserving treatment, but I would not. This proves that you must fight for what you believe in. Another objection may be that if you chose to fight, how could you raise an army vast enough to defeat the British? While this argument is yet a good one, let us not forget how the Americans have advantages. The British would be fighting in the Americans backyard. How is this an advantage you might ask? Our soldiers would know the terrain better than any of the British soldiers would. They would know how harsh the winters can be, and would be prepared for the worst, while the British, relatively new to the American climate and terrain would be worn down and defeated in spirit. Battered from the harsh and severe conditions, and also lack of knowledge of the land and certain locations, could leave the British perplexed. Another advantage would be the American spirit itself. They say a creature is most dangerous when its back is against the wall, and if this is not a case for the Americans, I do not know what would be. Is this not the case? The Americans have much more to fight for and so much more to lose, so their mentality would be much stronger and their will would be more greater than any enemy wanting to take their liberties away. It is not the size of the dog in the fight, but it is the size of the fight in the dog. Another valid argument could be the question of should Americans risk defeat? Well isnt it a risk willing to be taken? Henry states, â€Å"They tell us, sir, that we are weak. But when shall we be stronger? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? †. He knows that the British are somewhat hesitant as well to fight the Americans, or they would have done it already. The British know that it would be a tough fight and I believe were hoping that America would not fight. With the millions of liberty hungry Americans, they would indeed defeat the British. Henry brings up the argument of acting soon, before Britain takes total control of everything, or he says, â€Å"Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? . The bottom line is eventually, if no action is taken, it would not matter if the Americans lost the battle, because the British would eventually take over anyway. Why not stop Britains continuous gaining of control and fight while America still has a chance. In a sense, America has nothing to lose and everything to gain, and it is a risk worthy to take. This proves that fighting for your liberty is basically the only way you can possess it, which leads me to my conclusion. Liberty is always earned, and must be fought for to keep. It is a simple pleasure most of us take for granted, and we should always keep in mind why we are so lucky to have it. Patrick Henry spoke of his aspirations to fight for liberty and also his willingness to die for it as well. Therefore, his war cry reached the millions of ears of Americans and spread throughout the nation. The Americans soon took his words and dreams, and decided that it was time to fight for what might get taken completely away from them. As we all know, the Americans did defeat the British, and were finally free from British tyranny, eventually becoming the most powerful and free nation on earth. We should never forget how important the words of Patrick Henry were to the United States of America, for you can make the argument that for those words alone created a nation that we have today. We must always remember those who have fought for this great nation, and understand why they did, and humble ourselves, for it can always be threatened to be taken away again. If and when that time comes, we must not forget our ancestors actions, but to follow in their footsteps. We must never let them die in vain.

The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Essays

The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Essays The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Paper The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Paper Essay Topic: Film The Piano Lesson Everyone has a stereotyped view about some one else, we prejudge people all the time, whether its because of their background, how they look or where they come from. In Billy Elliot and The Full Monty the director challenges the stereotype of the working class northern man; we see the men as the typical stereotype and the ways in which they over come it as the film progresses. I intend to explore the representation of these men in the two films, and show how the working class northern man alters to our stereotype on them. We get stereotypes from a number of different places, the way we are brought up and what our parents tell us has a major influence on what we think of them. We are also brain washed by the media, newspapers have their own opinions on the working class northern man and we also see it on television programs such as Coronation Street which is also set up North. My personal views on the working class northern man and the opinion I have accumulated from such sources are that, they find it hard to express their emotions and are quite aggressive and violent. The stereotype also includes that the working class northern man is sexist for example believing that the role of a women is in the house doing the typical household chores- which we see reference to this in The Full Monty. The stereotype also includes that they are proud, prejudice, traditional and not very well educated- speaking with a dialect, a lot of these men are quite poor so wouldnt be able to afford to go to school and would have to be out to work at a young age. No stereotype is false without truth behind it, we still see aspects of the stereotype in the film but we also see them overcoming these stereotypes and in a way, becoming modernised and less traditional. Beginning with Billy Elliot, the film is set in the 1980s during the miners strike which as can be imagined, caused a lot of poverty, tension and distrust between the strikers, police and scabs ( the name given to those who carried on working in the mines during the strike). The whole situation was very violent, every day police had to escort the scabs to the mines in fear of them being hurt by the strikers. The first time we see the picket line, the miners are shown in a de-humanised way. As there are so many of them, the director has given a birds eye view of the picket line, portraying the men as animals. We also see close ups of some of the men, de-picking expressions of their faces, the hatred and the anger they are feeling, giving the viewer a closer, more personal look at what emotions are going through these men at the time. This scene shows how masculine these men are, how aggressive and true to the stereotype there are by being abusive and violent- hurling fruits at the buses full of scabs. This scene is a good insight to Billys life, and as we see, further on in the film how his life is split between the dancing and his family in the miners strike. As I mentioned before, the common stereotype of the northern class working man, is that he is the man of the house, he is the one that earns the money and puts bread on the table, this is typical in Billy Elliot. Jackie is the father and in charge of the family, he has a lot of pride and has his own prejudice of, that it is a mans job to earn the money. The miners strike would have effected everyone, in particular the men, they were the ones that went out to work in the mines and once on strike no money would be coming in, we see this in Billy Elliot- the family are on strike and therefore have very little money to buy food. This brings out a lot of anger and frustration in both Jackie and Tony. Following on with Billys character, he is the central role and even though he is not fully a working class northern man. I would like to explore the way, as a young boy or a child in this type of society, he still differs from his family, yet keeping some traits that he accumulated from his up bringing. Billy is a caring boy, the way he is the only one that looks after his grandmother, he makes her food and takes care of her. He is understanding towards her being senile. His mother is dead, and later on in the film we see him looking after her grave and always remembering her by playing the piano, he trys hard at boxing even though hes rubbish so he doesnt let down his dad, and towards the end of the film we see him giving Michael a kiss good bye. He is not afraid to show his emotions and is very caring for a young boy, especially compared to his brother and father. However, he does have some parts of the stereotype in him, he can be quite aggressive, as we see when hes at the ballet school and hits the young boy. He has prejudices on other people, although not as much as his father and brother have. At the beginning of the film he is determined that boxing is for boys and ballet is for girls, once he crosses over to like ballet. We see a change in him and wants to make sure that Just cos I like ballet doesnt mean Im a puff which he tells Michael at Christmas, when he starts getting the wrong ideas! Billy has more self-control in himself than his father and how you would typical say a working class northern man has. His life is split in two, with his ballet life and his home life. A good example of how we see this is the way that every time he is dancing or happy his life switches back by a sudden noise. When he enters the house after his meeting with the dancing teacher, the bang of the door and its like a sudden flash, back to reality- as if hes living in his own little world, a sharp noise and it snaps him back to real life and his situation. His dancing is to escape his problems at home, the miners strike, his poverty it makes him feel electric like electricity. Its a means of expressing what he is feeling, without shouting or violence. We see this on numerous occasions during the film. Take, for example, the scene where the dance teacher comes to tell Jackie and Tony about Billys dancing audition. They cant believe he likes ballet and an argument arises between Tony and the dance teacher. Theres a good use of scene cutting here, we see Billy standing on the table above everyone else as hes not like this and wont rise to shouting. The scene then cuts to him in an outdoor loo, the director gives the sense that he is caged in, using metaphor, as this is exactly what he is. As the shouting gets more and more between Tony and dance teacher, Billy erupts and breaks the walls of the loo, bursting out dancing. Hes, in a way, erupting out of his brain, out of his life, hes so frustrated that he just wants to dance and prove to everyone. This is the turning of the film, once everyone realises that hes serious we start to see a change in Jackie and Tonys attitude towards him. Furthermore, as I mentioned before, Billys way of expressing is feelings is to dance. The very first private lesson with his teacher is a key scene in the film language of the film. We first see a long shot of the dance teacher by the window, the director has shown how lighting techniques and camera angles can give different atmospheres. In this scene all this contributes to a sense of nervousness and anticipation, a contrast to the noise and excitement of the boxing during the morning in the previous scene, this is a lot more mysterious and secretive. Even though Billy is never typically like the common stereotype of the working class northern man, he still has traits, which of course he would have considering his background. He still swears and gets aggressive at time, is determined in his dancing. Nethertheless we still see a change in him, he still had to overcome his prejudices in believe ballet was for girls, being quite sexist. By the end of the film, he is not afraid to show his emotions, he understands what Michael is (are references to his sexuality during the film). We still see how he is un-educated and hasnt got a very broad mind than others in the audition scene. Theres a lot of tension and embarrassment in the fact that Billy doesnt really know what to say or understands what he is being asked replying with dunno all the time. Coming from a poor working class background and speaking with a dialect makes him different from people living in London, he has his stereotyped views on people there thinking that there are snobbish and cant really understand them. Like when we see him punch the boy after his audition, we really see the difference between people in London- upper class families to those in the North in working class families. Billy is the one character though out the film, that differs from every one else. Hes young and interested in the world around him, he wants to make something of himself and get away from the poverty that surrounds him. In my opinion hes the one that changes people, he makes Tony and Jackie realise where there prioritys lie and that not everything evolves around the miners strike. He changes and becomes even more independent, not afraid to ask and to show what he is. And by the end of the film we see how he is, hes done what he wanted to do, gained respect. Grown from a boy to a man. And hes not a puff! Following on with Jackies character, Billy and Tonys father. He is very much the man of the house; hes had to take on the role of the mother and father, after his wife has died. He is what you would call the typical working class northern man. Hes proud in believing that its his job to earn the money, and wont accept charity from the dance teacher to pay for the journey to London. Hes sexist in saying that ballet is for girls, lads do boxing, football wrestling, not frigging ballet. He cant understand why Billy would want to do ballet instead of boxing like he and his father did. His pride has been hurt, and he probably thinks Billys doing it against him, hes traditional in this way as well. Hes also aggressive and quite violent, when we see him with all the other miners on the picket line hurling abusive at the scabs. When see him shouting at Billy on several occasions at the start of the film, when Billy is playing the piano and Jackie shouts at him, and during the middle of the film we see the incident where he hits Tony. I think he sometimes struggles to keep his status and needs to make sure that everyone knows whos boss. In contrast to this, we do see Jackies sensitive side and the part that goes against the stereotype. After the scene with him shouting at Billy we see him change and put a 50p on the fridge for his boxing, so he doesnt go out the house feeling angry with him. We see this side from very early on but only does it change further on in the film when he realises Billy is serious on ballet. He overcomes his personal views about the issue and trys to talk to Billy about it. An extremely powerful scene with Jackie is when he decides to go back to work, be a scab, so that he can get money for Billy to go for his audition. He wants to do whats right and help Billy, he realises that he doesnt know anything about Billy he could be a genius for all we know. When Tony realises what his father his doing he chases after him, Jackie breaks down. He knows the situation he is in, Tony re- assures him that well get the money some how. Jackie is the father, and knows he is the only one that can provide for the family, hes older and is less excited than Tony about the strike. Hes wise and wants to do whats best. Throughout the film we see Jackie cry a total of 3 times, on the picket line, at Christmas and happy crying when he sees Billy in London in a show. The director challenges his stereotype the most, we all know he is the character that most typically resembles the working class northern man. To show how he differs from it, the director as made him change. Making the viewer see how he isnt totally like the brand, we have put on him. He has a sensitive side, and on those 3 occasions isnt afraid or embarrassed to show it. He is only human, after all! The third male in Billys family and that can be classed, as a working class northern man is Tony. He is a lot older than Billy and therefore hasnt got very many things on common. Hes a rebel and excited for the strike, to him its a game and he wants to use violence and abuse at the scabs. In several scenes we see that hes very negative and thinks hes right he blocks out Billy incredibly and only when Jackie accepts the ballet does Tony. One of the scenes that reflects Tonys character and the position he is in, is the scene where we see him running away from the police. Music is used effectively here, The Clashs London Calling- a loud a rebellious song, a perfect choice reflecting upon Tonys character and the scene itself giving it atmosphere and character. We can see how Tony is excited and enjoying the chase, running through houses and washing. This is probably the only scene that we see Tony acting slightly younger than he is through out the film, this chase is like a game to Tony- like a small child. The whole chase seems quite childish, and is a nice link to Billy, as we see Billy running a lot- the director has shown that despite all their arguments Tony and Billy have some similarities. The scene ends with the police catching up with Tony, this time they are being de-humanised, stand all in one big mass, beating on their shields sounding quite tribal, a massive difference from the chase minutes before- which was quite fun, it has now turned rather nasty. We see this a lot during the film, how Billys life changes suddenly from being happy with the dancing, to the natural truth of his life- his familys situation in the miners strike. Similarly to Jackie, Tony has trouble when dealing with his emotions, and prefers to be abusive than talk for example when Billy asked what Tony thought about death he just replied with F*** off. This giving the impression that he was quite arrogant and thought he was better than Billy (because hes older), and doesnt want to answer his questions or even talk to him. Two key scenes reflect Tonys sensitive, one with Jackie as he breaks down on the picket line and right at the end when Tony mouths Ill miss you to Billy. Like is mentioned before the scene with both Jackie and Tony on the picket line is a very powerful emotional scene. We see how the roles are reversed and Tony has to comfort his father reassuring him that everything will be ok. On the other hand, in my view he seems rather embarrassed and slightly worried about what hes friends would think if his father became a scab. However, we do see this caring side to him, along with the scene at the end, as Billy departs on his way to ballet school. Tony trys to act hard through out the film, trying to maintain his stereotype. The director has represented him as a fill in to the family, he is in between Jackie and Billy. Despite his very masculine approach to everything and thinking hes better than every one else, we see a different side to him in the scene when his father hits him. Personally, I find that there is quite a struggle between Jackie and Tony as to who is man of the house, both of them are un-employed and that weakens Jackie. This scene is powerful, there is no music and its set in the darkness of the kitchen, creating an atmosphere. Tony wants to go out and do some damage to the scabs but Jackie wont let him, he calls him a disgrace and tells him your nothing since mum died, this is the trigger and Jackie hits him. Its an action to punish him for what he has said and also to put him in his place. Jackie wants to make sure Tony realises whos boss and he does, Tony doesnt hit him back after a pure sign of respect. Tony is probably the one person that I feel doesnt change as much as Billy or Jackie, we do see him differing from his stereotype but not as much. Hes still very much, the aggressive, abusive, rebellious person you would imagine. None the less, he does begin to respect Billy and he loses his prejudices of ballet, whereas before he thought that, like Jackie did, ballet is for girls. We see a more caring and sensitive side to him as the film progress, he becomes more understanding and more adult- realises his situation and position, like Jackie does. There are a couple of other characters in Billy Elliot film that should be mentioned because there are working class northern men and I would like to show how not all are typically like their stereotype. Take for instance Michael. Hes the complete opposite to how the stereotype is, hes very feminine and not afraid to show it, hes caring and compassionate towards Billy. We see him experimenting with his sisters make-up and clothes, and puts on a tu-tu that Billy gets for him, at Christmas. He has his own prejudices, as he thinks that because Billy likes ballet he must be homosexual. Hes really not what you would expect from a person in that society but of course it happens and the director has given Michael as a good example of this. Even in that situation some people are different and have hardly any qualities of the stereotyped view of the working class northern man. Another person in Billy Elliot classed as the northern class working man, who actually, because of his situation, differs from the classic stereotype. The dance teachers husband is a middle-class man, they live in a good area, with a bigger house than Billys family, however he has been made redundant. Which shows that it wasnt just the working class people that were unemployed in the 1980s, middle class people were made re-dundatent maybe because of the lack of produce beign sold and not being able to pay for extra employees? In this example, the roles are reversed and the dance teacher is still at work whereas her husband isnt, she is the main earner in the house, this going against the stereotype as being the man is proud and is the provider. The dance teachers husband, doesnt seem to mind, he realises the situation the miners are in and is disinterested. A common feeling men would have been feeling in that situation ( as we see later in The Full Monty) some men just seemed to give up believing that, that was it. Looking at film language in Billy Elliot, I have found that each character is represented in a different way, Billy is always wearing quite bright colours and in lots of scenes with him in there is music which reflects upon is personality. Whereas Jackie and Tonys characters are more mysterious and even though there is a scene where everyone is dancing to the same tune there isnt as much happy filming with them. The use of scene cutting between the miners and Billy dancing is used to great effect creating a massive contrast between the two, making the miners scene more powerful and effective. The use of long shot camera angle is good as well, the classic part in the film of Billy running up the hill and later with his father doing the same. Looking at the very last scene of the film, an extremely moving piece. The film has moved on about 7-10 years, we see Jackie has aged, having grey hair. They have come to watch Billy in a performance of Swan Lake (a link from when the dance teacher took Billy to played him the piece of music). Little is said by Billy as he waits in the wings, the music of the ballet piece is played and we see Billy warming up and getting ready to go on. The music and the way Billy is acting builds up incredible tension and enthusiasm. The scene cuts to Jackie and back again, we see Billy rush on stage and the scene cuts back to Jackie where he gasps/crys in amazement. We see a close up on his face to see his sense of pride and astonishment. The film ends with a picture of Billy mid air, in a jump. Personally, I feel this last scene is the most memorable of the whole film, I was really into it. The way it has been filmed really gets the viewer to actually believe what is going on. It feels as if your Billy and Jackie, feeling nervous, excited and amazed. Best part of the film for me!

Histroy 101 Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histroy 101 Western Civ - Essay Example Athens as a democratic state was much emphasized during the 4th century BC although many historical documents have shown that democracy as a way of life was very much practiced as early as 5 B.C. The word Demos connotes two important things for Athenians- â€Å"village† and â€Å"people†. Village was the smallest unit of government at that time. People belonged to a certain village; in fact, men who are at least 18 years of age could participate in the Assembly. The Assembly was attended by anyone from the village that wants to have their voice heard. This included Demosthenes who tirelessly rebukes citizens to recall certain events since the people were always present in such Assembly (Blackwell, 2003, p6). It was of grave importance to always attend to the concerns being discussed during the said meeting. The characteristics of such a meeting showed the democratic ideals of Athens. First, anyone can speak regardless of trade or position in society, especially if the i ssue at hand is about governance. For other concerns that needed specialized knowledge, a craftsman is called forth to shed opinion on such matters (Blackwell, p7). These rules during an assembly imply that democracy was highly-valued and actively practiced. Democracy is not just a lofty ideal since it was practiced by the citizens. The assembly just shows how wealth is considered inferior to the democratic rights of its citizens (Lewis and Lewis,p.219). The practice of democracy was further heightened by Pericles during 460 B.C. Previously, public officials were appointed based on wealth or birth status. Such criteria for public office were promulgated by Solon or Cleisthenes. Pericles made the selection more democratic by allowing patrons to represent slaves and resident aliens, which is referred to as equality of opportunity. Although such practice earned criticism of historians since they believed it promoted â€Å"aristocracy†, the important to consider was the fact that representatives were chosen based on merit. Merit does not include wealth nor birth status which allowed men from all walks of life to have a say in matters of the state. This philosophy of Pericles is again an example of how democratic ideals permeated the political structure and governance of Athens. Interestingly, art became a willing medium of democratic ideals for this civilization. The assembly provided enough fodder for playwrights to create plays that can be considered political satire. In the same manner, the epic Iliad which is a gory depiction of battles is also said to have an underlying tone of political satire. According to Stewart, The Battle Between Frogs and The Mice is actually a satire with a pacifist theme. Again, the relevance of political satire when it comes to democratic ideals is that such art forms express how vigilant Athenians are over issues that concern their homeland. Pacifism is a philosophy adhered to by Athenians for they were not men of war like S partans. Although critics may disagree with such stand, this emphasizes to students of history that this society respected the opinion of its citizens. Lastly, the choir setting in Greek plays also demonstrates the ideals of democracy in Athens. Studies relating performing arts assert that â€Å"Performance reflects, encodes cultural models† (Goldhill and Osborne, 27). Democracy is expressed by the choir’

White Dwarf Stars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White Dwarf Stars - Essay Example Mainly, white dwarfs’ string stretches through K-dwarf temperature region to approximately 4,000K (Kaler 182). Studies so far conducted refer these kind of stars as end state of evolved main sequence bodies having M less than 9M (Aerts & Christensen-Dalsgaard 111). However, their exact number is not well document due to numerous inaccuracies similar to the study of coolest main sequence dwarfs as well as brown dwarfs (Aerts & Christensen-Dalsgaard 111). Hence, prompting them to be more intriguing to study despite their varied aspects document by certain astronomical scholars including exact location in HRD diagram, which this study intends to highlight. Figure 1: Hertzsprung-Russel-Diagramm (HRD): White Dwarf location. 2010. Web. 16Th March 2014. Studies so far conducted contend temperatures for these stars in most cases usually range between 4,000K and 85,000K (Koupelis 408). However, these temperatures may be even higher under certain circumstances based on the extent of evolution or exhaustion of individual bodies comprising a given stream of galaxy (Koupelis 408). This implies exact measurements of their respective hotness are quite hard to ascertain and declare stars at certain region their exact temperature. Therefore, scientists end up giving temperatures with certain in term of ranges. Another intriguing aspect encompasses their respective masses whereby based on research they normally range between 0.02 and 1.4 solar masses (Koupelis 408). This is because a typical white dwarf is almost close to the size of planet earth (Koupelis 408). Hence, densities of these stars are quite high whereby approximately 106 cm3 grams. This implies a teaspoonful whose measure is about 5 cm3 would

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security Case Study

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security - Case Study Example Accidentally, internal threats occur when people use their portable devices outside the network then plug them back in importing viruses and other malware. Some members of staff might be malicious and try to access unauthorized segments (Paul, 2011). External threats are easily kept at bay through the implementation of firewalls. A firewall allows a flow of data from known sources to the web server or specified destination while rejecting unknown traffic. If the firewall is compromised, it severs the connecting of the system to the internet host. Notwithstanding, firewalls are not perfect and should not be used solely (Stewart, 2010). Unified Access Control and Network Access Control ensure that device users are authorized to use the network. Account management system registers network users and signals any illegal activity. Coupled with Personalization, the intervention will keep the network safe from internal threats of any nature (Gregory, CISA, & CISSP, 2007). Implementing session management features such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) will overcome challenges posed by the use of VoIP phones, Video conferencing and PDAs. IPSec VPN scrambles traffic from the phone and safely connects to the corporate network without fear of infiltration. Softphone users will require authentication into the Converged network. Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL VPN) ensures that users are logging in from healthy computers when accessing the network remotely. Intrusion Detection and Prevention software (IDS and IPS) will further enhance overall security by scanning entire network to identify and report signatures or suspicious traffic arrays (Gregory et al,  2007).

The Traditional Family Life Cycle

The Traditional Family Life Cycle Traditional Family Life Cycle: Traditionally the life cycle, illustrated a progression of stages through which families passed; it comprised stages, starting from bachelorhood (single), to married (couple), to family growth (parenthood: birth of children), to family contraction (grown up children leaving home for studies or employment) to post parenthood (all children leaving home) to dissolution (single survivor: death of one of the spouses). Based on these, the traditional FLC can be synthesized into five basic stages, which may be mentioned as follows: Stage I: Bachelorhood: Young single adult (male/female) living apart from parents and into a livelihood. Stage II: Honeymooners: Young married couple. Stage III: Parenthood: Married couple with at least one child living with them at home. Stage IV: Postparenthood: An older married couple with no children living at home. Children have left home for studies or for employment. Stage V: Dissolution: One surviving spouse. These stages, consumption patterns and the product preferences are explained below: 1. Stage I: Bachelorhood: The stage comprises a young single adult (male/female) living apart from parents and into a livelihood. While incomes are low as they have just started a career, financial burdens and responsibilities are also low. As such bachelors have a high level of disposable income. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: They tend to spend their money on house rent, basic furniture and kitchen equipment. They are recreation oriented and like to spend on purchase of automobiles (particularly motor bikes), travel (trekking and holidays), adventure sports (motor racing, bungee jumping etc.), health clubs, clothes and fashion accessories. Implications for Marketers: Marketers realize that bachelors possess large disposable income; they find in them an attractive segment for sports, travel, entertainment and fun. 2. Stage II: Honeymooners: The stage comprises a newly married couple and continues till the first child is born. One of the spouses may be working or both may be working. They are financially better off than they would be in the next stages. If both are working, income is higher. If both are working, the couple has discretionary income at hand that permits a good lifestyle, and provides for purchases or savings. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: They tend to spend on creating a home for themselves. They spend on cars, furniture, curtains and upholstery, electronics, kitchen appliances and utensils, and vacations. Implications for Marketers: They form an attractive segment for the marketer as they form the highest purchase rate amongst segments. The highest average purchase of durables takes place in this stage. 3. Stage III: Parenthood: The stage comprises married couples with children. This stage extends for about a long 20-25 year period; and could be further broken up into three stages, viz., Full Nest I, Full Nest II and Full Nest III. Throughout these stages, the size and structure of the family gradually changes, so does income and expenses with varying priorities. The financial expenses increase rapidly with children being born in Full Nest I and gradually decrease as children become independent and self-supporting as one reaches Full Nest III. Full Nest I: The youngest child in the family is six or below. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: While liquidity of cash is low, expenses are high. The family spends on baby food, diapers, medicines for cough and cold, doctor visits, child toys and games, school admissions and fees and insurance policies. There are increased expenses on child care. Implications for Marketers: At this stage, purchasing is at the peak, and so this is an attractive segment for the marketer. The children in the family begin to impact family purchases, and are a huge potential for future. Full Nest II: The youngest child in the family is six or above. Generally the stage comprises children aged 6-12 years. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: Financial position gets better as one begins to rise up the ladder. If the wife is also working, children are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“latchkey kids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The family spends on food, clothes for children, education of children, insurance policies and investments. They also pay for medical expenses and particularly, dental treatment. They go in for deals; buy larger-size packages, and economy packs. For example, junk food, fashion clothing and accessories, video games etc. are prime demands. Implications for Marketers: At this stage, purchasing is still at the peak, and so this is also an attractive segment for the marketer. The children, as also teenagers continue to impact family purchases. The latchkey kids are a potential for home delivered junk food like pizzas and burgers. Full nest III: They are older married couples with dependent and/or independent children but staying together at home. Children reach the higher educational level; one of them may start earning too. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: The family income continues to increase and so do expenses. The family continues to spend on food, clothes for teenagers, higher education of children, and also repeat purchase of durables that were bought in honeymooning stage or Full Nest I. The family buys new furniture, electronic goods and appliances and cars. Thus there is high average purchase of durables. The family also invests in real estate and property and/or flats. They continue to spend on medical expenses, particularly dentists and visit general physicians for regular checkups. Implications for Marketers: At this stage, income begins to increase as one of the children begins to earn. As expenses see a rise, the stage offers a potential for marketers. 4. Stage IV: Postparenthood: This is a stage that occurs once children have left home. They leave home first for education, and then for employment. As they complete their education, and find employment, they gradually leave home one by one, thus, leaving the nest. Thus, this stage has also been broken into two stages, viz., Empty Nest I and Empty Nest II. As one moves across Empty Nest I and II, the size and structure of the family changes (quite similar to the Parenthood stage and the Full Nest I, II and III). Empty Nest I: This is a stage that occurs when at least one of the children has left home. He/she has completed education, taken up a job and has left home to start his/her home. He/she is independent and can manage on own. While children are managing to start up on their own, parents are still working. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: The family size gradually begins to shrink. Parents are still earning; expenses gradually reduce, and so there is highest level of savings and disposable income at hand. The family spends on food, instalments for real estate/house, higher education of the dependent children, and, medical expenses on dentist, physiotherapy and heart. They have leisure time in hand, and watch television, movies, and may even go on a vacation. Implications for Marketers: At this stage, the couple beings to again have disposable income in hand. Financial responsibilities towards children begin to decrease. This stage offers potential for marketers who are involved in providing services like leisure, travel and holiday. Empty Nest II: In this stage, all the children have left home, and the couple has retired from occupation. They live on pension and other social security investments. If health permits, they take up part-time jobs. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: The couple has higher disposable incomes because of savings and investments, and they have fewer expenses. They decide to spend on all that they had been thinking to spend on but had not been able to because of familial responsibilities. They spend money on food, travel and holidays, watch TV and form hobby clubs. They refurnish their home or may even move to newer homes after retirement. Medical expenses also see a rise. However, for those older retired couples who do not have much income from adequate savings and investments, the situation is much different. There is a sharp drop in their income. Implications for Marketers: The stage is lucrative for those involved in the entertainment industry. Many industries provide special discounts in travel and stay as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Senior Citizen benefits, for example, hotels, airlines and railways. Banks and financial institutions also have special facilities for those above 60, especially higher rates of interest on deposits. 5. Stage V: Dissolution: This stage in the FLC occurs when one of the couple dies, and leaves behind the other surviving spouse. Priorities and Preferences of Purchase: When one of the spouses is still earning, or earns money from savings and investments, things are little easier. However, if he/she is not earning, he/she follows a lifestyle that is economical. The primary expenditure is on medicines, checkups with doctors and restrictive diet. Implications for Marketers: The stage is characteristic of a widow/widower with lower income and least shopping and expenses. Modifications to the FLC: With changes in our society, a change in the traditional Family Life Cycle and the various stages through which it progressed earlier. There are various forms like single; late marriages; divorced (with/without children); dual income, no kids, live-ins etc. Consumer researchers have thus brought about changes in the traditional FLC, so as to reflect changes in the family and lifestyle arrangements. Broadly speaking households may be classified as family households and non-family households (single individual or live-ins). Each of these family types has varying features and characteristics, which also get exhibited in their buying patterns and consumption expenditure. Family life cycle of Dominos Pizza Bachelorhood: Dominos pizza does not come under this stage because the income a person is very low and have to spend their money on house rent, basic furniture and kitchen equipment. Honeymooners: Dominos pizza comes under this stage because they tend to spend their money more. Parenthood: Dominos pizza also comes into this stage because in this the family income increases and then family continues to spend on food, clothes etc. Post parenthood: Dominos pizza comes under this stage because family is small but wants doing expenses. Dissolution: Dominos pizza does not come under this stage because their primary expenditure is on medicines, checkups and doctors. Family life cycle of Mobile Phones Bachelorhood: Mobile phones come under this stage because the income a person is very low but they have to spend their money on automobiles, clothes etc. Honeymooners: Mobile phones come under this stage because they tend to spend their money more. Parenthood: Mobile Phones also come into this stage because in this the family income increases and then family continues to spend on food, clothes, accessories etc. Post parenthood: Mobile phones come under this stage because family is small but wants doing expenses. Dissolution: Mobile Phone does not come under this stage because their primary expenditure is on medicines, checkups and doctors. Family life cycle of Mutual Funds Bachelorhood: Mutual Funds does not come under this stage because the income a person is very low but they have to spend their money on automobiles, clothes etc. Honeymooners: Mutual Funds come under this stage because they tend to spend their money more. Parenthood: Mutual Funds also come into this stage because in this the family income increases and then family continues to spend on food, clothes, accessories etc. Post parenthood: Mutual Funds come under this stage because family is small but wants doing expenses. Dissolution: Mutual Funds come under this stage because their primary expenditure is on medicines, checkups and doctors and spend for future stability.

An Analysis of McDonalds Essay -- essays research papers

The number one fast-food chain McDonald's is the world’s leading food service retailer with more than 30,000 local restaurants in 121 countries serving 45 million customers each day. The McDonald's History Raymond Albert Kroc 1902-1984, A Salesman Ray Kroc mortgaged his home and invested his entire life savings to become the exclusive distributor of a five-spindled milk shake maker called the Multimixer. Hearing about the McDonald's hamburger stand in California running eight Multimixers at a time, he packed up his car and headed West. It was 1954. He was 52 years old. Where it all began, Des Plaines, Illinois Ray Kroc opened the Des Plaines restaurant in 1955. First day's revenues-$366.12! It’s no longer a functioning restaurant, the Des Plaines building is now a museum containing McDonald's memorabilia and artifacts, including the Multimixer! Ronald McDonald, In Any Language He Means "Fun!" "The smile known around the world," Ronald McDonald is second only to Santa Claus in terms of recognition. In his first TV appearance in 1963, the happy clown was portrayed by none other than Willard Scott. Fred Turner And Ray Kroc, Architects Of A Dream Ray Kroc and Fred Turner study the design which would replace the red and white tile buildings that had become landmarks throughout the United States. Called Kroc's first "grill man extraordinaire," Turner is today Senior Chairman of the Board. McDonald's Comes To Wall Street In 1965 McDonald's went public with the company's first offering on the stock exchange. A hundred shares of stock costing $2,250 dollars that day would have multiplied into 74,360 shares today, worth over $2.8 million on December 31, 1998. In 1985, McDonald's was added to the 30-company Dow Jones Industrial Average. A Big Idea Called "Big Mac" Introduced system wide in 1968, the Big Mac was the brainchild of Jim Delligatti, one of Ray Kroc's earliest franchisees, who by the late 1960s operated a dozen stores in Pittsburgh. The Egg McMuffin Introduced in 1973, the Egg McMuffin was developed by owner operator Herb Peterson. The First Ronald McDonald House in Philadelphia, PA In 1974, Fred Hill of the Philadelphia Eagles teamed up with McDonald's to create Ronald McDonald House. The families of critically ill children have a place to call home while they're away from home as the young patients und... ...season. Video/DVD/Music The McKids entertainment series provides an energetic, engaging and fun experience for children. Unlike typical videos for children that are more passive, the McKids Video series will get kids on their feet to join in the action. Fueled with contemporary, hip music and hosted by Ronald McDonaldâ„ ¢, each 30 minute live action show will take kids on interactive adventures, interspersed with energetic music videos. Kids may learn about teamwork in a participatory soccer segment, or experience the galaxy as they magically zoom through space. They will also learn about children who live in different parts of the world. Books The McKids Books Series introduces a new line of interactive books to engage, entertain, educate and enlighten kids. The books teach and encourage kids to be creative, and make reading and learning fun. References: http://www.mcdonalds.com http://www.shareholder.com/mcd/stock.cfm?period=12 http://www.mcdonalds.com/corporate/press/corporate/2003/11132003/index.html Sociology, A Global Perspective, Fifth Edition, Joan Ferrante, Northern Kentucky University, Copyright 2003 Wadsworth Fortune 2001; Foreign Policy 2001; McDonald’s Corporation 2001

Mountain Man Brewing Company Essay

Problem Definition Mountain Man Brewing Company (MMBC) has enjoyed being in top position in premium beer segment for the past fifty years and are now facing a 2% decline in revenue whilst a change in leadership infuses new energy to bring a change in their product line. Chris Prangel, son of the retired president and owner of MMBC faces the challenge of successfully implementing a marketing strategy to introduce a ‘light’ beer; in a growing beer segment, as maintaining status-quo would no more be an option to sustain their existing position in marketplace in the next five years. Analysis Strengths Mountain Man Brewing Company was known as the â€Å"Best Beer in West Virginia† because of its flavor and distinctive bitter taste; additionally, it was selected as â€Å"America’s Championship Lager† at the American Beer Championship in 2005. Also, it had held the top market position in the lager market in West Virginia for almost 50 years. As a result, Mountain Man succeeded at the beer market by earning over $50 million and selling over 520,000 barrels of Mountain Man Lager beer within the West Central region. Mountain Man had high brand awareness, and it was especially recognizable among working-class males in the East Central region because of its product quality, positioning, and brand equity. In order to keep favorable relationship with its customers, Mountain Man had many branding activities. Hence, Mountain Man Brewing Company remained strongly in the beer market due to its strong brand loyalty as they capitalised on the ‘local’ factor. Weaknesses Mountain Man Brewing Company produced only one product, Mountain Man Lager, and distributed to only the West Central region with limited distributions. Moreover, Mountain Man targeted on only one segment, the blue-collar men who are mid-age and above. Although its core consumers love Mountain Man Lager, the market product preference had changed to light beer instead of traditional beer; therefore, Mountain Man Lager was rated very low as a purchasing preference. Unlike many other major beer producers, Mountain Man did not have any advertisement; in fact, it relied only on word of mouth. Mountain Man might not have enough money to launch Mountain Man Light that follows the modern trend. Opportunity Mountain Man can consider three possible opportunities, which increases potential consumers and gain revenues. Firstly, number of younger beer drinkers has been consistently increased and expected to positively influence the growth of the profits. Secondly, If Mountain Man launches light beer category, it may reach younger drinkers who both show positive attitudes towards light beer and brand awareness of Mountain Man itself. The likability of younger drinkers toward the light beer will optimistically affect the MMBC’s revenue ( Exhibit 1). Lastly, by expending product lines, product and distributors may build stronger beneficial relationship with brewers. Threats One of the threats Mountain Man Brewing Company faced was the declining overall beer consumption per capita by 2.3% since 2001 in United States of America. According to the case, the declining consumption is attributed to the competition from wine and spirit-based drinks, an increase in federal excise tax, initiatives encouraging moderation and personal responsibility, and increasing health concerns. Furthermore, categorising Distributors might also be a threat to this company because they became more cautious as they could refuse to work with small brands that have low margins and turnover. The increasing number of large breweries is also a challenge the company in the market to remain profitable; smaller companies are put on pressure to stay in the beer market. Alternatives 1. Introducing Mountain Man ‘Light’: If Chris goes ahead and launches a beer less strong than the premium lager beer using Mountain Man’s brand name as ‘Mountain Man Light’, it would result in increase in revenues as they would be entering into a growing light beer market segment and the existing brand image might help them reduce advertising costs. However, this move will make them lose their existing customer’s loyalty, along with product cannibalization, brand erosion and might not be perceived well by the existing customers as well their target customers. 2. Introducing Light Beer by some other name: Choosing a new brand name for the light beer has a slight edge over choosing Mountain Man Light. As discussed in the case, there is a chance of the company losing its identity when they are in midst of other light beers such as Coors Light. Creating a brand identity would be difficult as customers might not find it easy to recognize yet another beer which ends with ‘Light’. In addition to the benefits in the first alternative, creating a new brand name for the light beer would make sure there is no brand dilution or cannibalization. However there could be additional advertising costs and they cannot leverage the existing strong brand name. Recommendations I would recommend to go ahead with the second alternative of not naming the light beer as Mountain Man Light and to give a different name as it targets a younger population who look for healthier beer drinking by consuming fewer calories while maintaining the same level of alcohol intake. Brand Identity: Creating a brand identity for a new product would be challenging. However, a growing market segment would always be on the lookout of new products and this might work in favor to MMBC. To distinguish the light beer from other competitors they will have to come up with a creative tag line for their beer. Target Market: Based on the given statistics it appears that customers of the age group between 21 and 27 are the highest percentage of people who would favor light beer. They should amend their marketing campaigns to suit this new target market. Promotion: MMBC should concentrate on making their promotion campaigns more effective. They must promote light beer in pubs, discos and night clubs. The light beer segment is in growth stage of the product life cycle which indicates soaring sales, increasing revenues, and growing consumers. To make full use of it an effective marketing campaign spanning across different media must be undertaken.

Pornography and the internet (pros and cons) essays

Pornography and the internet (pros and cons) essays What was originally ment to be a form of controlling our governments missle supply 41 years ago, has now exploded into what we call today the internet. Sending and receiving information has never been as easy as it is today. With just a couple of keystrokes and mouseclicks we can have acess to almost anything we want on our computer screens. One of the biggest problems that has arisen with this new found technology is how easy it makes distributing and accessing pornographic material. Many citizens feel as though the internet needs to be regulated to keep pornographic imagry out of the hands of children. I feel that restricting the right of citizens to view and distribute legal pornography on the internet is a direct infringement on our First Amendment right. Allowing pornography to be distributed on the net helps keep in tact our rights as Americans, provides jobs to a whole new group of workers and entrapaneurs, and it provides a form of relief to people who might have otherw ise resorted to more drastic measures. To first understand the debate on whether or not pornography should be allowed on the internet, a basic knowledge of what the internet is, and when it was started is needed. Most of todays youth that uses the internet everyday for a variety of tasks take for granted that it has only been around and easily accessed for roughly 15 years. The concept of the internet, or what was then called Arpanet was created in 1957. The goal was to design a system that could be used from anywhere in the U.S. for the government to control its missile supply in case of war. The early 1990s is when the World Wide Web (or that www that is put in front of any webpage address) was created, and the public had access to it. In 1997 a study on site access showed that of the top 11,000 searches, 47% were targeted toward pornography. This would seem to show that pornography has given the internet a...

The Laundromat by Marsha Norman †Theatre Essay

The Laundromat by Marsha Norman – Theatre Essay Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman Theatre Essay â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman is a one-act play that was written in 1979. Marsha Norman was born in 1947 to a fundamentalism Methodist family (Ingrid 1). Marsha had a very lonely childhood, which was often reflected in her work. â€Å"Her mothers religious views prohibited Norman from playing with other children and watching television and movies, and she credits her loneliness as a child as the reason she became a writer† (Ingrid 1). â€Å"The Laundromat† is about two women, Alberta and Deedee who meet in a Laundromat and chat with one another while doing their laundry. Alberta is â€Å"a reserved women in her late fifties† who lost her husband Herb about a year ago and Deedee is a â€Å"restless twenty-year old) girl who is presently in a relationship with a man who is pursuing an affair. Throughout the play Marsha Norman portrays Alberta and Deedee as two women who are in denial about an aspect of their life. Alberta is in denial that her husband Herb passed away and Deedee is in denial that her husband Joe is having an affair with another woman. Through psychoanalysis the two women are able to overcome their denial and come to terms with despair and loneliness. â€Å"Sigmund Freud was born May 6, 1856 in a small town – Freiberg – in Moravia† (Boeree 2). Freud became very famous in his psychological studies of the personality. Alberta and Deedee use many defense mechanisms in trying to cope with their losses, the most prominent being denial. According to Freud, â€Å"Denial involves blocking external events from awareness. If some situation is just too much to handle, the person just refuses to experience it† (Boeree 6). Freud also developed a method of therapy called psychoanalysis. Freud’s theory says that the mind is composed of the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. â€Å"Freud said that the goal of therapy simply is ‘to make the unconscious conscious’† (Boeree 15). Denial is a very dangerous defense mechanism because a person who is in denial does not ever come to terms with a very traumatizing experience. Alberta goes to the Laundromat to clean her husband Herb’s clothing from the night that he died. When Deedee asks Alberta if her husband works nights too, Alberta says, â€Å"Herb is out of town† (1059). A year after her husband passed away Alberta is still unable to tell Deedee that Herb is dead. Later in the conversation Deedee finds that Alberta â€Å"forgot† to put one shirt into the washing machine. When Deedee grabs the shirt and goes to throw it into the washer with the rest of Herbs clothing, Alberta takes the shirt away from her and says, â€Å"I don’t want to†¦it’s too†¦that stain will never†¦It needs to presoak. I forgot the Woolite† (1061). This would have been the perfect opportunity for Alberta to tell Deedee that her husband had passed away but she still does not. According to Freud, the unconscious â€Å"†¦includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness, including many things that have their origins there, such as our drives or instincts, and things that are put there because we cant bear to look at them, such as the memories and emotions associated with trauma† (Boeree 15). When Alberta says that her husband is just away on business, she is keeping the fact that he is dead in her unconscious mind. Since psychoanalysis is about bringing feelings from the unconscious to the conscious, talking to Deedee is a form of psychoanalysis therapy. When Alberta is able to transfer this feeling to the conscious mind she is able to work on accepting her loss. Deedee helps Alberta, through a form of psychoanalysis, bring her feelings and the truth to the conscious mind. Towards the end of the night, Alberta and Deedee seem to be growing more and more fond of one another. As Deedee finally tells Alberta about her husbands affair she impulsively says, â€Å"†¦Like he’s dead and now you worship the shirts he wore† (1072). When Deedee says this she suddenly realizes that Alberta’s husband is in fact dead and she feels terrible. Deedee apologizes saying, â€Å"I’m sorry, Mrs. Johnson, I really am sorry. You probably been plannin’ this night for a long time. Washin’ his things. And I barged in and spoiled it all† (1072). Alberta responds to the apology saying, â€Å"I’ve been avoiding it or a long time. Herb died last winter, the day before his birthday† (1072). This is what is called a Catharsis in psychoanalysis therapy. A catharsis is â€Å"†¦the sudden and d ramatic outpouring of emotion that occurs when the trauma is resurrected† (Boeree 15). When Alberta finally tells Deedee the truth about Herb she is relieved to have told someone. Alberta’s â€Å"secret† is finally in her conscious mind and she is able to experience feelings and emotions about the event with another person. According to Freud this is a huge step towards the conclusion in psychoanalysis therapy. In contrast to Alberta, Deedee is a young woman who is still learning about life and relationships. Deedee is in a relationship with a man named Joe who is having an affair with another woman. Joe tells Deedee that he is working a double shift when really he is going to the bowling alley and bowling with a beautiful blonde woman. Like Alberta, Deedee is also in denial about an aspect of her life. Deedee is in denial that her husband Joe is having an affair. When Deedee is telling Alberta about Joe, she tells Alberta that the reason he is out late is because of his job. She says, It’s all-the-time, he lately. He says people are buyin’ more trucks ‘cause farmers have to raise more cows ‘cause we got a population explosion going on. Really crummy, you know? People I don’t even know having babies mean Joe can’t come home at the right time. Don’t seem fair. (1059) Even though Deedee has caught Joe cheating on her in the bowling alley, she does not tell Alberta the truth. By pretending that Joe is just working a double shift she is keeping her feelings and emotions in the unconscious mind. As the night progresses, Deedee develops a liking for Alberta even though they do not have a lot in common. A TV review on â€Å"The Laundromat† writes â€Å"In ‘The Laundromat’ she is writing about two women, one old enough to be the other’s mother† (O’Connor C18). Even though the women are so far apart in age, their situation is very similar and they develop a relationship based on that. As the play comes to a conclusion, Deedee tells Alberta about her boyfriend’s affair and brings her feelings to the conscious, finally recognizing that she is not being treated right. When Deedee asks Alberta for advice on what to say to Joe when she confronts him about the affair, Alberta says â€Å"Your own face in the mirror is better company than a man who would eat a whole fried egg in one bite. But it won’t be easy† (1074). What Alberta is really saying is that Deedee is going to be lonely with or without her husband because he is never home and she knows that he has betrayed her. Deedee would be better off being lonely without letting her husband get the best of her. Through psychoanalysis, Alberta was able to help Deedee come to terms with her feelings and move them from the unconscious to the conscious mind. According to Freud, insight is the last important step of psychoanalysis therapy. â€Å"Insight is being aware of the source of the emotion, of the original traumatic event† (Boeree 15). In the TV Review of â€Å"The Laundromat† in the NY Times, O’Connor writes, â€Å"Deedee is in a panic about her husband’s increasing indifference. ‘He makes me feel like I’m a TV set,’ she cries, ‘and he’s changed the channels’† (O’Connor 1). These lines are not included in the original play, but on the television version of the play Deedee is describing how the affair made her feel. Expressing the feelings associated with the affair is a form of insight. As Alberta is loading up her laundry basket she says, â€Å"Maybe, in a few months or next year sometime, I’ll be able to give these away. They’re nice things† (1074). Since Alberta has finally come to terms with her husband Herbs death sh e feels that she finally will be able to move on and take the final steps in mourning her husband. This final step of psychoanalysis is a key step to finally being able to cope with life and its obstacles. In conclusion, through psychoanalysis the two women are able to overcome their denial and come to terms with despair and loneliness. Alberta and Deedee were two very different women. Alberta was very refined and in her late fifties while Deedee was a mess and only twenty years old. Despite their differences the two women found something in common that brought them closer and enabled them to help one another. By talking about their feelings and their obstacles with their husbands at the Laundromat, Alberta and Deedee did something that takes years and years of therapy for others to accomplish. Alberta came to terms with her husband Herbs death and Deedee came to terms with her husband having an affair with another women. Denial is a very dangerous defense mechanism that the mind uses to block out an event in one’s life that is very difficult to deal with. Psychoanalysis is a powerful therapy that can be used to overcome denial and deal with reality and life’s obst acles. Reluctantly, Alberta and Deedee met one another and they were able to mediate one another and discover their problems in the conscious mind. Research Papers on â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman - Theatre EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelThe Fifth Horseman

The curriculum NZ Early Years Curriculumhas a role in shaping future Essay

The curriculum NZ Early Years Curriculumhas a role in shaping future identities. (Ross, 2000, p.149) - Essay Example Infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers derive much benefit from a play-based curriculum, and under the supervision of knowledgeable and caring adults, it is a powerful method in facilitating the development of children’s identities. This paper will explore one of the definitions of identity as cited in Webber (n.d.) Identity is a socially constructed phenomenon related to the societal context in which individuals live. It is also very much a personal process. Erikson(1980) â€Å"understood that one’s identity is something that is both self-created and bestowed upon the individual by the culture†(p 13) (as cited in Webber, n.d., p. 14) Pedagogical models with strong sociocultural features such as Te Whariki do not leave play to chance but sustains it through complex reciprocal and responsive relationships as well as provision of activities which are socially constructed and mediated (Wood, 2004). Not only do activities promote self-awareness but also incorporate cult ural awareness which strengthens children’s cultural identities. ... Play is a child’s world. It is an avenue where one can be free to be oneself without anyone imposing rules or restrictions to conform to society’s standards. Play offers many benefits that foster children’s learning. It engages the mind to actively imagine various scenarios for fun or for problem-solving. Te Whariki’s strand of Mana Aoturoa (Exploration) encourages children’s active exploration of the environment because in doing so, they learn many strategies for active exploration, thinking and reasoning as well as developing theories in understanding their world (MOE, 1996). Babies and toddlers play in order to get to know how things work, how people react, etc. They get to explore and discover things that otherwise they will not learn about if they do not actively engage in play. This free exploration is considered Heuristic play by Holland (2003) and encourages it without adult intervention. Adults provide simple materials and allow the childâ €™s imagination to take off. â€Å"The child learns from observing directly what these objects will ‘do’ or ‘not do’, in sharp contrast to much of the ‘educational’ equipment which has a result predetermined by the design which has been devised by the adult maker (Holland, 2003, p. 142). Not only will heuristic play stimulate a child’s thinking, but it also develops his creativity as he will see in his mind endless possibilities in imaginatively transforming ordinary objects into various things with various functions. Young children learn better in play- like settings because they retain concepts better when learned in the spirit of fun. Macintyre (2003) discusses the value of play in all the developmental areas of children. Children love games that stimulate thinking. Such cognitive benefits